如何用Python高效地存储数据到数据库中？

Python使用数据库存储数据的方式主要包括以下几种：

数据库类型	特点及适用场景	基本操作示例
SQLite	适合初学者和小型项目，无需安装和配置。	```python import sqlite3 conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db') cur = conn.cursor() cur.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT)") cur.execute("INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (?)", ('Alice',)) conn.commit() cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users") print(cur.fetchall()) cur.execute("UPDATE users SET name = ? WHERE id = ?", ('Bob', 1)) conn.commit() cur.execute("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = ?", (1,)) conn.commit() conn.close()```
MySQL	适合中大型应用，支持多用户和多线程。	```python import mysql.connector conn = mysql.connector.connect(host="localhost", user="yourusername", password="yourpassword", database="yourdatabase") cur = conn.cursor() cur.execute("INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (%s)", ('Alice',)) conn.commit() cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users") print(cur.fetchall()) cur.execute("UPDATE users SET name = %s WHERE id = %s", ('Bob', 1)) conn.commit() cur.execute("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = %s", (1,)) conn.commit() conn.close()```
PostgreSQL	功能强大的开源对象关系数据库管理系统，适用于复杂查询和大数据处理场景。	```python import psycopg2 conn = psycopg2.connect(host="localhost", user="yourusername", password="yourpassword", database="yourdatabase") cur = conn.cursor() cur.execute("INSERT INTO users (name) VALUES (%s)", ('Alice',)) conn.commit() cur.execute("SELECT * FROM users") print(cur.fetchall()) cur.execute("UPDATE users SET name = %s WHERE id = %s", ('Bob', 1)) conn.commit() cur.execute("DELETE FROM users WHERE id = %s", (1,)) conn.commit() conn.close()```
MongoDB	适合处理非结构化数据，如JSON文档。	```python from pymongo import MongoClient client = MongoClient('localhost', 27017) db = client['yourdatabase'] collection = db['yourcollection'] collection.insert_one({'name': 'Alice'}) print(list(collection.find())) collection.update_one({'name': 'Alice'}, {'$set': {'name': 'Bob'}}) collection.delete_one({'name': 'Bob'})```