如何利用Python高效地处理和管理文件路径？

在Python中处理文件路径是一个常见的任务，尤其是在进行文件读写操作时，Python提供了多种方法来处理文件路径，包括使用内置的os模块和pathlib模块，以下是详细的介绍和示例代码。

使用 `os` 模块

1.1 导入模块

import os

1.2 获取当前工作目录

current_directory = os.getcwd()
print(f"Current Working Directory: {current_directory}")

1.3 拼接路径

file_name = "example.txt"
full_path = os.path.join(current_directory, file_name)
print(f"Full Path: {full_path}")

1.4 检查路径是否存在

if os.path.exists(full_path):
    print("File exists")
else:
    print("File does not exist")

1.5 创建目录

new_directory = os.path.join(current_directory, "new_folder")
os.makedirs(new_directory, exist_ok=True)
print(f"New directory created at: {new_directory}")

1.6 列出目录内容

contents = os.listdir(current_directory)
print(f"Contents of the current directory: {contents}")

使用 `pathlib` 模块

2.1 导入模块

from pathlib import Path

2.2 获取当前工作目录

current_directory = Path.cwd()
print(f"Current Working Directory: {current_directory}")

2.3 拼接路径

file_name = "example.txt"
full_path = current_directory / file_name
print(f"Full Path: {full_path}")

2.4 检查路径是否存在

if full_path.exists():
    print("File exists")
else:
    print("File does not exist")

2.5 创建目录

new_directory = current_directory / "new_folder"
new_directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
print(f"New directory created at: {new_directory}")

2.6 列出目录内容

contents = list(current_directory.iterdir())
print(f"Contents of the current directory: {contents}")

示例代码汇总

import os
from pathlib import Path
Using os module
current_directory = os.getcwd()
print(f"Current Working Directory (os): {current_directory}")
file_name = "example.txt"
full_path = os.path.join(current_directory, file_name)
print(f"Full Path (os): {full_path}")
if os.path.exists(full_path):
    print("File exists (os)")
else:
    print("File does not exist (os)")
new_directory = os.path.join(current_directory, "new_folder")
os.makedirs(new_directory, exist_ok=True)
print(f"New directory created at (os): {new_directory}")
contents = os.listdir(current_directory)
print(f"Contents of the current directory (os): {contents}")
Using pathlib module
current_directory = Path.cwd()
print(f"Current Working Directory (pathlib): {current_directory}")
file_name = "example.txt"
full_path = current_directory / file_name
print(f"Full Path (pathlib): {full_path}")
if full_path.exists():
    print("File exists (pathlib)")
else:
    print("File does not exist (pathlib)")
new_directory = current_directory / "new_folder"
new_directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
print(f"New directory created at (pathlib): {new_directory}")
contents = list(current_directory.iterdir())
print(f"Contents of the current directory (pathlib): {contents}")

通过上述方法和示例代码，你可以灵活地处理文件路径，选择适合你需求的方法。

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