如何用Python连接和操作MySQL数据库？

在Python中调用MySQL数据库，通常使用mysql-connector-python库，以下是详细的步骤和代码示例：

1. 安装mysql-connector-python库

你需要安装mysql-connector-python库，可以使用pip进行安装：

pip install mysql-connector-python

导入库并建立连接

在你的Python脚本中导入库并建立与MySQL数据库的连接。

import mysql.connector
from mysql.connector import Error
def create_connection(host_name, user_name, user_password, db_name):
    connection = None
    try:
        connection = mysql.connector.connect(
            host=host_name,
            user=user_name,
            passwd=user_password,
            database=db_name
        )
        print("Connection to MySQL DB successful")
    except Error as e:
        print(f"The error '{e}' occurred")
    return connection

执行SQL查询

一旦建立了连接，你可以执行SQL查询来操作数据库。

def execute_query(connection, query):
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    try:
        cursor.execute(query)
        connection.commit()
        print("Query executed successfully")
    except Error as e:
        print(f"The error '{e}' occurred")

读取数据

如果你需要从数据库中读取数据，可以使用以下函数：

def read_query(connection, query):
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    result = None
    try:
        cursor.execute(query)
        result = cursor.fetchall()
        return result
    except Error as e:
        print(f"The error '{e}' occurred")

关闭连接

完成所有操作后，不要忘记关闭数据库连接。

def close_connection(connection):
    if connection:
        connection.close()
        print("The connection is closed")

示例用法

下面是一个完整的示例，展示如何使用上述函数连接到MySQL数据库，执行查询，并读取数据。

Replace the placeholders with your actual database credentials and details
host_name = "your_host"
user_name = "your_username"
user_password = "your_password"
db_name = "your_database"
Create a database connection
connection = create_connection(host_name, user_name, user_password, db_name)
Example query to create a table
create_table_query = """
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
  id INT AUTO_INCREMENT, 
  name TEXT NOT NULL, 
  age INT, 
  gender TEXT, 
  nationality TEXT, 
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE = InnoDB;
"""
execute_query(connection, create_table_query)
Example query to insert data into the table
insert_users_query = """
INSERT INTO users (name, age, gender, nationality) VALUES 
('James', 25, 'male', 'USA'),
('Leila', 32, 'female', 'France'),
('Brigitte', 35, 'female', 'Germany');
"""
execute_query(connection, insert_users_query)
Example query to read data from the table
select_users_query = "SELECT * FROM users"
users = read_query(connection, select_users_query)
for user in users:
    print(user)
Close the connection
close_connection(connection)

通过以上步骤，你可以在Python中成功调用MySQL数据库，主要步骤包括安装库、建立连接、执行查询、读取数据以及关闭连接，希望这些信息对你有所帮助！

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